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                <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline"> PHP高级特性五之时间处理 </h1>
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                    <time title="创建时间：2015-03-19 13:39:09" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2015-03-19T13:39:09+08:00">2015-03-19</time>
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                <h2 id="综述"><a href="#综述" class="headerlink" title="综述"></a>综述</h2>
                <p>PHP中的时间处理函数是非常常用的，在这里我们介绍的主要内容有</p>
                <h2 id="UNIX时间戳"><a href="#UNIX时间戳" class="headerlink" title="UNIX时间戳"></a>UNIX时间戳</h2>
                <p>以整数表示格林威治标准时间，英文叫做 timestamp，例如 11230499325，它在UNIX系统中是以32位存储的。从协调世界时1970年1月1日0时0分0秒起至现在的总秒数，不考虑闰秒。 作用：方便我们计算使用（参于运算）。</p>
                <h2 id="获取时间函数"><a href="#获取时间函数" class="headerlink" title="获取时间函数"></a>获取时间函数</h2>
                <h3 id="1-int-time-void"><a href="#1-int-time-void" class="headerlink" title="1.int time ( void )"></a>1.int time ( void )</h3>
                <p>返回自从 Unix 纪元（格林威治时间 1970 年 1 月 1 日 00:00:00）到当前时间的秒数，即返回的就是UNIX时间戳。</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="php"><span class="meta">&lt;?php</span> </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">	<span class="keyword">echo</span> time();</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php"><span class="meta">?&gt;</span></span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"> <span class="number">1426741342</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <h3 id="2-array-getdate-int-timestamp-array-getDate-int-timestamp"><a href="#2-array-getdate-int-timestamp-array-getDate-int-timestamp" class="headerlink" title="2.array getdate ( [int timestamp] )/array getDate ( [int timestamp] )"></a>2.array getdate ( [int timestamp] )/array getDate ( [int timestamp] )</h3>
                <p>可以通过传入时间戳获得时间，也可以不传参数获取时间。例如下面的例子获取了当前时间，返回类型是一个数组。</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="php"><span class="meta">&lt;?php</span> </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">	<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"&lt;pre&gt;"</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">	print_r(getDate());  <span class="comment">//或者getdate();</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">	<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"&lt;/pre&gt;"</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php"><span class="meta">?&gt;</span></span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <figure class="highlight php">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">Array</span></span><br><span class="line">(</span><br><span class="line">    [seconds] =&gt; <span class="number">4</span></span><br><span class="line">    [minutes] =&gt; <span class="number">6</span></span><br><span class="line">    [hours] =&gt; <span class="number">5</span></span><br><span class="line">    [mday] =&gt; <span class="number">19</span></span><br><span class="line">    [wday] =&gt; <span class="number">4</span></span><br><span class="line">    [mon] =&gt; <span class="number">3</span></span><br><span class="line">    [year] =&gt; <span class="number">2015</span></span><br><span class="line">    [yday] =&gt; <span class="number">77</span></span><br><span class="line">    [weekday] =&gt; Thursday</span><br><span class="line">    [month] =&gt; March</span><br><span class="line">    [<span class="number">0</span>] =&gt; <span class="number">1426741564</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>数组各个元素的说明如下</p>
                <p>键名</p>
                <p>说明</p>
                <p>返回值例子</p>
                <p>“seconds”</p>
                <p>秒的数字表示</p>
                <p>0 到 59</p>
                <p>“minutes”</p>
                <p>分钟的数字表示</p>
                <p>0 到 59</p>
                <p>“hours”</p>
                <p>小时的数字表示</p>
                <p>0 到 23</p>
                <p>“mday”</p>
                <p>月份中第几天的数字表示</p>
                <p>1 到 31</p>
                <p>“wday”</p>
                <p>星期中第几天的数字表示</p>
                <p>0（表示星期天）到 6（表示星期六）</p>
                <p>“mon”</p>
                <p>月份的数字表示</p>
                <p>1 到 12</p>
                <p>“year”</p>
                <p>4 位数字表示的完整年份</p>
                <p>例如：1999 或 2003</p>
                <p>“yday”</p>
                <p>一年中第几天的数字表示</p>
                <p>0 到 365</p>
                <p>“weekday”</p>
                <p>星期几的完整文本表示</p>
                <p>Sunday 到 Saturday</p>
                <p>“month”</p>
                <p>月份的完整文本表示</p>
                <p>January&gt; 到 December</p>
                <p>可以传入时间戳参数，如下所示</p>
                <figure class="highlight reasonml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">&lt;?php </span><br><span class="line">	echo <span class="string">"&lt;pre&gt;"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	print<span class="constructor">_r(<span class="params">getDate</span>(<span class="params">time</span>()</span>+<span class="number">60</span>*<span class="number">60</span>*<span class="number">24</span>));</span><br><span class="line">	print<span class="constructor">_r(<span class="params">getdate</span>(<span class="params">time</span>()</span>));</span><br><span class="line">	echo <span class="string">"&lt;/pre&gt;"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">?&gt;</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <h2 id="时间戳转日期"><a href="#时间戳转日期" class="headerlink" title="时间戳转日期"></a>时间戳转日期</h2>
                <h3 id="1-string-date-string-format-int-timestamp"><a href="#1-string-date-string-format-int-timestamp" class="headerlink" title="1.string date ( string format [, int timestamp] )"></a>1.string date ( string format [, int timestamp] )</h3>
                <p>返回将整数 timestamp 按照给定的格式字串而产生的字符串。如果没有给出时间戳则使用本地当前时间。换句话说，timestamp 是可选的，默认值为 time()。</p>
                <figure class="highlight sqf">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">&lt;?php</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">echo</span> <span class="built_in">date</span>(<span class="string">"Y-m-d H:i:s"</span>).<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">echo</span> <span class="built_in">date</span>(<span class="string">"Y-m-d H:i:s"</span>,<span class="built_in">time</span>()).<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">echo</span> <span class="built_in">date</span>(<span class="string">"Y-m-d H:i:s"</span>,<span class="built_in">time</span>()+<span class="number">60</span>*<span class="number">60</span>*<span class="number">24</span>).<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">?&gt;</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="number">2015</span><span class="number">-03</span><span class="number">-19</span> <span class="number">05</span>:<span class="number">45</span>:<span class="number">49</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">2015</span><span class="number">-03</span><span class="number">-19</span> <span class="number">05</span>:<span class="number">45</span>:<span class="number">49</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">2015</span><span class="number">-03</span><span class="number">-20</span> <span class="number">05</span>:<span class="number">45</span>:<span class="number">49</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>下面是格式化的字符表</p>
                <p>format 字符</p>
                <p>说明</p>
                <p>返回值例子</p>
                <p>日</p>
                <p>-—</p>
                <p>-—</p>
                <p>d</p>
                <p>月份中的第几天，有前导零的 2 位数字</p>
                <p>01 到 31</p>
                <p>D</p>
                <p>星期中的第几天，文本表示，3 个字母</p>
                <p>Mon 到 Sun</p>
                <p>j</p>
                <p>月份中的第几天，没有前导零</p>
                <p>1 到 31</p>
                <p>l（“L”的小写字母）</p>
                <p>星期几，完整的文本格式</p>
                <p>Sunday 到 Saturday</p>
                <p>N</p>
                <p>ISO-8601 格式数字表示的星期中的第几天（PHP 5.1.0 新加）</p>
                <p>1（表示星期一）到 7（表示星期天）</p>
                <p>S</p>
                <p>每月天数后面的英文后缀，2 个字符</p>
                <p>st，nd，rd 或者 th。可以和 j 一起用</p>
                <p>w</p>
                <p>星期中的第几天，数字表示</p>
                <p>0（表示星期天）到 6（表示星期六）</p>
                <p>z</p>
                <p>年份中的第几天</p>
                <p>0 到 366</p>
                <p>星期</p>
                <p>-—</p>
                <p>-—</p>
                <p>W</p>
                <p>ISO-8601 格式年份中的第几周，每周从星期一开始（PHP 4.1.0 新加的）</p>
                <p>例如：42（当年的第 42 周）</p>
                <p>月</p>
                <p>-—</p>
                <p>-—</p>
                <p>F</p>
                <p>月份，完整的文本格式，例如 January 或者 March</p>
                <p>January 到 December</p>
                <p>m</p>
                <p>数字表示的月份，有前导零</p>
                <p>01 到 12</p>
                <p>M</p>
                <p>三个字母缩写表示的月份</p>
                <p>Jan 到 Dec</p>
                <p>n</p>
                <p>数字表示的月份，没有前导零</p>
                <p>1 到 12</p>
                <p>t</p>
                <p>给定月份所应有的天数</p>
                <p>28 到 31</p>
                <p>年</p>
                <p>-—</p>
                <p>-—</p>
                <p>L</p>
                <p>是否为闰年</p>
                <p>如果是闰年为 1，否则为 0</p>
                <p>o</p>
                <p>ISO-8601 格式年份数字。这和 Y 的值相同，只除了如果 ISO 的星期数（W）属于前一年或下一年，则用那一年。（PHP 5.1.0 新加）</p>
                <p>Examples: 1999 or 2003</p>
                <p>Y</p>
                <p>4 位数字完整表示的年份</p>
                <p>例如：1999 或 2003</p>
                <p>y</p>
                <p>2 位数字表示的年份</p>
                <p>例如：99 或 03</p>
                <p>时间</p>
                <p>-—</p>
                <p>-—</p>
                <p>a</p>
                <p>小写的上午和下午值</p>
                <p>am 或 pm</p>
                <p>A</p>
                <p>大写的上午和下午值</p>
                <p>AM 或 PM</p>
                <p>B</p>
                <p>Swatch Internet 标准时</p>
                <p>000 到 999</p>
                <p>g</p>
                <p>小时，12 小时格式，没有前导零</p>
                <p>1 到 12</p>
                <p>G</p>
                <p>小时，24 小时格式，没有前导零</p>
                <p>0 到 23</p>
                <p>h</p>
                <p>小时，12 小时格式，有前导零</p>
                <p>01 到 12</p>
                <p>H</p>
                <p>小时，24 小时格式，有前导零</p>
                <p>00 到 23</p>
                <p>i</p>
                <p>有前导零的分钟数</p>
                <p>00 到 59&gt;</p>
                <p>s</p>
                <p>秒数，有前导零</p>
                <p>00 到 59&gt;</p>
                <p>时区</p>
                <p>-—</p>
                <p>-—</p>
                <p>e</p>
                <p>时区标识（PHP 5.1.0 新加）</p>
                <p>例如：UTC，GMT，Atlantic/Azores</p>
                <p>I</p>
                <p>是否为夏令时</p>
                <p>如果是夏令时为 1，否则为 0</p>
                <p>O</p>
                <p>与格林威治时间相差的小时数</p>
                <p>例如：+0200</p>
                <p>T</p>
                <p>本机所在的时区</p>
                <p>例如：EST，MDT（【译者注】在 Windows 下为完整文本格式，例如“Eastern Standard Time”，中文版会显示“中国标准时间”）。</p>
                <p>Z</p>
                <p>时差偏移量的秒数。UTC 西边的时区偏移量总是负的，UTC 东边的时区偏移量总是正的。</p>
                <p>-43200 到 43200</p>
                <p>完整的日期／时间</p>
                <p>-—</p>
                <p>-—</p>
                <p>c</p>
                <p>ISO 8601 格式的日期（PHP 5 新加）</p>
                <p>2004-02-12T15:19:21+00:00</p>
                <p>r</p>
                <p>RFC 822 格式的日期</p>
                <p>例如：Thu, 21 Dec 2000 16:01:07 +0200</p>
                <p>U</p>
                <p>从 Unix 纪元（January 1 1970 00:00:00 GMT）开始至今的秒数</p>
                <p>参见 time()</p>
                <h2 id="日期转时间戳"><a href="#日期转时间戳" class="headerlink" title="日期转时间戳"></a>日期转时间戳</h2>
                <h3 id="1-int-mktime-int-hour-int-minute-int-second-int-month-int-day-int-year-int-is-dst"><a href="#1-int-mktime-int-hour-int-minute-int-second-int-month-int-day-int-year-int-is-dst" class="headerlink" title="1.int mktime ( [int hour [, int minute [, int second [, int month [, int day [, int year [, int is_dst]]]]]]] )"></a>1.int mktime ( [int hour [, int minute [, int second [, int month [, int day [, int year [, int is_dst]]]]]]] )</h3>
                <p>根据给出的参数返回 Unix 时间戳。时间戳是一个长整数，包含了从 Unix 纪元（January 1 1970 00:00:00 GMT）到给定时间的秒数。参数可以从右向左省略，任何省略的参数会被设置成本地日期和时间的当前值。 例如我们获取1997年12月1日的时间戳</p>
                <figure class="highlight lsl">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">&lt;?php</span><br><span class="line">echo mktime(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1997</span>).<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">?&gt;</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"> <span class="number">880934400</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>在这里如果我们的年份如果填2位数，函数可以智能给我们转化，例如第六个参数填 97，那么则会识别为 1997年，如果填 03，那么则会识别为 2003年。那么有的小伙伴就问了，两个之间的分界点是哪一年哪一月哪一日呢？我们来看下面的例子</p>
                <figure class="highlight lsl">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">&lt;?php</span><br><span class="line">	echo date(<span class="string">"m-d-Y"</span>, mktime(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">12</span>, <span class="number">32</span>, <span class="number">1997</span>)).<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	echo date(<span class="string">"M-d-Y"</span>, mktime(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">14</span>, <span class="number">98</span>)).<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	echo date(<span class="string">"M-d-Y"</span>, mktime(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">03</span>)).<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	echo date(<span class="string">"M-d-Y"</span>, mktime(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">19</span>, <span class="number">38</span>)).<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	echo date(<span class="string">"M-d-Y"</span>, mktime(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">20</span>, <span class="number">38</span>)).<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">?&gt;</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="number">01</span><span class="number">-01</span><span class="number">-1998</span></span><br><span class="line">Mar<span class="number">-14</span><span class="number">-1998</span></span><br><span class="line">Jan<span class="number">-01</span><span class="number">-2003</span></span><br><span class="line">Jan<span class="number">-19</span><span class="number">-2038</span></span><br><span class="line">Jan<span class="number">-01</span><span class="number">-1970</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>在这里我们可以发现，当我们输入2038年的1月19日时，可以正常识别为2038-1-19，不过当我们输入2038年1月20日时，则识别成了1970-1-1，可见分界点就在2038-1-19这一天。 在这里有个有趣的2038年问题，扩展阅读一下</p>
                <blockquote>
                  <p>在计算机应用上，2038年问题可能会导致某些软件在2038年无法正常工作。所有使用UNIX时间表示时间的程序都将受其影响，因为它们以自1970年1月1日经过的秒数（忽略闰秒）来表示时间。这种时间表示法在类Unix（Unix-like）操作系统上是一个标准，并会影响以其C编程语言开发给其他大部份操作系统使用的软件。在大部份的32位操作系统上，此“time_t”数据模式使用一个有正负号的32位元整数(signedint32)存储计算的秒数。依照此“time_t”标准，在此格式能被表示的最后时间是2038年1月19日03:14:07，星期二（UTC）。超过此一瞬间，时间将会被掩盖（wrap around）且在内部被表示为一个负数，并造成程序无法工作，因为它们无法将此时间识别为2038年，而可能会依个别实作而跳回1970年或1901年。错误的计算及动作可能因此产生。</p>
                </blockquote>
                <h2 id="修改PHP默认时区"><a href="#修改PHP默认时区" class="headerlink" title="修改PHP默认时区"></a>修改PHP默认时区</h2>
                <p>我们来看下面一个例子，是上面所说的调用date方法返回的时间。</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="php"><span class="meta">&lt;?php</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> date(<span class="string">"Y-m-d H:i:s"</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php"><span class="meta">?&gt;</span></span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="number">2015</span><span class="number">-03</span><span class="number">-19</span> <span class="number">06</span>:<span class="number">03</span>:<span class="number">22</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>而现在我的电脑系统时间为</p>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="number">2015</span><span class="number">-03</span><span class="number">-19</span> <span class="number">14</span>:<span class="number">03</span>:<span class="number">22</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>这是什么原因？很简单，PHP程序中返回的是中时区的格林威治时间，而我们国家使用的是东八区区时，所以程序中的时间会慢8个小时。所以，我们只需要设置一下时区即可。</p>
                <h3 id="1-设置PHP-ini文件"><a href="#1-设置PHP-ini文件" class="headerlink" title="1.设置PHP.ini文件"></a>1.设置PHP.ini文件</h3>
                <p>这种方法是通用的设置方法，一次设置，其他所有编写的PHP文件都会生效，而且不需要在程序中设置了。只需要修改</p>
                <figure class="highlight ini">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="section">[Date]</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">; Defines the default timezone used by the date functions</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">; http://php.net/date.timezone</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">date.timezone</span> = PRC</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>默认的 date.timezone = UTC，在这里我们修改为中国的代号PRC即可。修改完之后记得重启服务器才能生效。 再运行程序，发现时间已经很准确了。</p>
                <h3 id="2-在程序中设置"><a href="#2-在程序中设置" class="headerlink" title="2.在程序中设置"></a>2.在程序中设置</h3>
                <figure class="highlight ceylon">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line">&lt;?php</span><br><span class="line">date<span class="number">_</span><span class="keyword">default</span><span class="number">_</span>timezone<span class="number">_</span>set(<span class="string">"PRC"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">date<span class="number">_</span><span class="keyword">default</span><span class="number">_</span>timezone<span class="number">_</span>set(<span class="string">"Asia/Shanghai"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">date<span class="number">_</span><span class="keyword">default</span><span class="number">_</span>timezone<span class="number">_</span>set(<span class="string">"Gtc/GET-8"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">?&gt;</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>上面三行语句均可使用，效果相同。第一个是设置中国时区，第二个是设置上海时区，第三个是设置东八区区时。 <strong>在此附亚洲区时</strong></p>
                <p>Asia/Aden</p>
                <p>Asia/Almaty</p>
                <p>Asia/Amman</p>
                <p>Asia/Anadyr</p>
                <p>Asia/Aqtau</p>
                <p>Asia/Aqtobe</p>
                <p>Asia/Ashgabat</p>
                <p>Asia/Ashkhabad</p>
                <p>Asia/Baghdad</p>
                <p>Asia/Bahrain</p>
                <p>Asia/Baku</p>
                <p>Asia/Bangkok</p>
                <p>Asia/Beirut</p>
                <p>Asia/Bishkek</p>
                <p>Asia/Brunei</p>
                <p>Asia/Calcutta</p>
                <p>Asia/Chita</p>
                <p>Asia/Choibalsan</p>
                <p>Asia/Chongqing</p>
                <p>Asia/Chungking</p>
                <p>Asia/Colombo</p>
                <p>Asia/Dacca</p>
                <p>Asia/Damascus</p>
                <p>Asia/Dhaka</p>
                <p>Asia/Dili</p>
                <p>Asia/Dubai</p>
                <p>Asia/Dushanbe</p>
                <p>Asia/Gaza</p>
                <p>Asia/Harbin</p>
                <p>Asia/Hebron</p>
                <p>Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh</p>
                <p>Asia/Hong_Kong</p>
                <p>Asia/Hovd</p>
                <p>Asia/Irkutsk</p>
                <p>Asia/Istanbul</p>
                <p>Asia/Jakarta</p>
                <p>Asia/Jayapura</p>
                <p>Asia/Jerusalem</p>
                <p>Asia/Kabul</p>
                <p>Asia/Kamchatka</p>
                <p>Asia/Karachi</p>
                <p>Asia/Kashgar</p>
                <p>Asia/Kathmandu</p>
                <p>Asia/Katmandu</p>
                <p>Asia/Khandyga</p>
                <p>Asia/Kolkata</p>
                <p>Asia/Krasnoyarsk</p>
                <p>Asia/Kuala_Lumpur</p>
                <p>Asia/Kuching</p>
                <p>Asia/Kuwait</p>
                <p>Asia/Macao</p>
                <p>Asia/Macau</p>
                <p>Asia/Magadan</p>
                <p>Asia/Makassar</p>
                <p>Asia/Manila</p>
                <p>Asia/Muscat</p>
                <p>Asia/Nicosia</p>
                <p>Asia/Novokuznetsk</p>
                <p>Asia/Novosibirsk</p>
                <p>Asia/Omsk</p>
                <p>Asia/Oral</p>
                <p>Asia/Phnom_Penh</p>
                <p>Asia/Pontianak</p>
                <p>Asia/Pyongyang</p>
                <p>Asia/Qatar</p>
                <p>Asia/Qyzylorda</p>
                <p>Asia/Rangoon</p>
                <p>Asia/Riyadh</p>
                <p>Asia/Saigon</p>
                <p>Asia/Sakhalin</p>
                <p>Asia/Samarkand</p>
                <p>Asia/Seoul</p>
                <p>Asia/Shanghai</p>
                <p>Asia/Singapore</p>
                <p>Asia/Srednekolymsk</p>
                <p>Asia/Taipei</p>
                <p>Asia/Tashkent</p>
                <p>Asia/Tbilisi</p>
                <p>Asia/Tehran</p>
                <p>Asia/Tel_Aviv</p>
                <p>Asia/Thimbu</p>
                <p>Asia/Thimphu</p>
                <p>Asia/Tokyo</p>
                <p>Asia/Ujung_Pandang</p>
                <p>Asia/Ulaanbaatar</p>
                <p>Asia/Ulan_Bator</p>
                <p>Asia/Urumqi</p>
                <p>Asia/Ust-Nera</p>
                <p>Asia/Vientiane</p>
                <p>Asia/Vladivostok</p>
                <p>Asia/Yakutsk</p>
                <p>Asia/Yekaterinburg</p>
                <p>Asia/Yerevan</p>
                <h2 id="微妙精确计算"><a href="#微妙精确计算" class="headerlink" title="微妙精确计算"></a>微妙精确计算</h2>
                <h3 id="1-mixed-microtime-bool-get-as-float"><a href="#1-mixed-microtime-bool-get-as-float" class="headerlink" title="1.mixed microtime ( [bool get_as_float] )"></a>1.mixed microtime ( [bool get_as_float] )</h3>
                <p>microtime() 当前 Unix 时间戳以及微秒数。本函数仅在支持 gettimeofday() 系统调用的操作系统下可用。 如果调用时不带可选参数，本函数以 “msec sec” 的格式返回一个字符串，其中 sec 是自 Unix 纪元（0:00:00 January 1, 1970 GMT）起到现在的秒数，msec 是微秒部分。字符串的两部分都是以秒为单位返回的。如果传入true参数，那么则会返回sec.msec的形式，是一个浮点数。 我们大多数用来计算程序执行时间。</p>
                <figure class="highlight xml">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="php"><span class="meta">&lt;?php</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">	<span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Timer</span> </span>&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		<span class="keyword">private</span> $startTime; <span class="comment">//开始时间</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		<span class="keyword">private</span> $stopTime;  <span class="comment">//结束时间</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		<span class="keyword">private</span> $count = <span class="number">0</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		<span class="comment">//初始化两个时间为0</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">__construct</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">			<span class="keyword">$this</span>-&gt;startTime=<span class="number">0</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">			<span class="keyword">$this</span>-&gt;stopTime=<span class="number">0</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		&#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		<span class="comment">//设置开始时间</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">start</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">			<span class="keyword">$this</span>-&gt;startTime=microtime(<span class="keyword">true</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">			<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="keyword">$this</span>-&gt;startTime.<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		&#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		<span class="comment">//设置结束时间</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">stop</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">			<span class="keyword">$this</span>-&gt;stopTime=microtime(<span class="keyword">true</span>);</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">			<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="keyword">$this</span>-&gt;stopTime.<span class="string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		&#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		<span class="comment">//计算过了多长时间</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">spent</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">			<span class="keyword">$this</span>-&gt;start();</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">			<span class="keyword">$this</span>-&gt;dosomething();</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">			<span class="keyword">$this</span>-&gt;stop();</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">			<span class="keyword">return</span> (<span class="keyword">$this</span>-&gt;stopTime - <span class="keyword">$this</span>-&gt;startTime); </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		&#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		<span class="comment">//程序执行某些任务</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">dosomething</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">			<span class="keyword">for</span>($i=<span class="number">0</span>; $i&lt;<span class="number">10000</span>; $i++)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">			&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">				<span class="keyword">$this</span>-&gt;count ++;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">			&#125;	</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">		&#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">	&#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">	</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php">$timer = <span class="keyword">new</span> Timer();</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php"><span class="keyword">echo</span> $timer-&gt;spent();</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="php"><span class="meta">?&gt;</span></span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <figure class="highlight angelscript">
                  <table>
                    <tr>
                      <td class="gutter">
                        <pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                      <td class="code">
                        <pre><span class="line"><span class="number">1426746064.4247</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">1426746064.4267</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">0.0019998550415039</span></span><br></pre>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </table>
                </figure>
                <p>可以发现，程序执行用了 1.99 微秒。 好，关于PHP中的时间问题，我们就介绍到这里，希望对大家有帮助。</p>
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